feat(moex): история бумаг с листинга и цены индексов для бенчмарков

Окно бэкфилла начинается с history_from доски, а не с первой покупки: график цены показывает историю бумаги целиком. Для активных бенчмарков source=moex синк создаёт instrument и качает индекс с его доски (IMOEX и RGBITR на SNDX, MCFTR на RTSI). Миграция засевает IMOEX, MCFTR и RGBITR; тесты чистят таблицы перед каждым тестом, чтобы сид не попадал в первый из них.

backend/tests/conftest.py

@@ -56,6 +56,9 @@ async def app(migrated: str):
     from fintracker.db import reset_engine
 
     auth_router._login_limiter = None  # fresh rate limiter per test
+    # rows a migration seeds (the default benchmarks) are in the first test's database only,
+    # since the tables are emptied after each test — start every test from the same blank one
+    await _truncate_all()
     application = app_module.create_app()
     yield application
     await _truncate_all()

backend/tests/sources/test_moex_sync.py

@@ -18,7 +18,15 @@ from factories import make_account, make_event, make_instrument, make_price
 from fintracker.analytics import today_local
 from fintracker.config import Settings
 from fintracker.db import get_sessionmaker
-from fintracker.models import EventKind, PriceCoverage, PriceDaily
+from fintracker.models import (
+    AssetClass,
+    Benchmark,
+    BenchmarkKind,
+    EventKind,
+    Instrument,
+    PriceCoverage,
+    PriceDaily,
+)
 from fintracker.sources.moex.client import BoardInfo
 from fintracker.sources.moex.sync import (
     OVERLAP_DAYS,
@@ -28,11 +36,14 @@ from fintracker.sources.moex.sync import (
     choose_board,
     fetch_window,
     history_legs,
+    history_start,
     needs_backfill,
 )
 
 ISS = "https://iss.moex.com/iss"
 TODAY = today_local()
+LISTING = date(2013, 3, 25)
+"""When the mocked TQBR started: the day a backfill now reaches back to."""
 
 
 def monday_back(days: int) -> date:
@@ -198,8 +209,27 @@ def test_a_paper_without_any_price_is_asked_from_the_day_it_was_held():
     assert fetch_window(target(since), Coverage(), TODAY) == (since, TODAY)
 
 
-async def test_a_hole_in_the_past_is_pulled_back_to_the_first_held_day(app, mock_http, run_sync):
-    """The TBRU@ case: held since spring, priced only from the day the source first saw it."""
+def test_history_starts_at_the_listing_when_that_is_before_the_first_purchase():
+    whole = board("TQBR", primary=True, since="2013-03-25", till="2026-09-17")
+    assert history_start(date(2025, 7, 8), whole) == date(2013, 3, 25)
+
+
+def test_history_starts_at_the_first_purchase_when_the_board_began_later():
+    """A board the paper moved to has no history before the move — the old board supplies it."""
+    assert history_start(date(2025, 7, 8), MOVED_TO) == date(2025, 7, 8)
+
+
+def test_history_starts_at_the_first_purchase_when_the_board_publishes_no_range():
+    unknown = board("TQBR", primary=True, since=None, till=None)
+    assert history_start(date(2025, 7, 8), unknown) == date(2025, 7, 8)
+
+
+async def test_a_hole_in_the_past_is_pulled_back_to_the_listing(app, mock_http, run_sync):
+    """The TBRU@ case: held since spring, priced only from the day the source first saw it.
+
+    The sweep goes back past the first purchase to the listing, so the chart on the
+    instrument card has the paper's own history rather than only the stretch it was held.
+    """
     first_held = monday_back(60)
     recent = [TODAY - timedelta(days=n) for n in (3, 2, 1)]
     instrument_id = await seed(first_held=first_held, priced=recent, asked_from=recent[0])
@@ -207,9 +237,9 @@ async def test_a_hole_in_the_past_is_pulled_back_to_the_first_held_day(app, mock
     history = mock_iss(mock_http)
     result = await run_sync(MoexSource(), settings=settings())
 
-    assert windows(history) == [(first_held, TODAY)]
+    assert windows(history) == [(LISTING, TODAY)]
     count, low, high = await stored_days(instrument_id)
-    assert low == first_held
+    assert low == LISTING
     assert high >= recent[-1]
     assert count > len(recent)
     assert result.counts["backfilled"] == 1
@@ -223,7 +253,7 @@ async def test_a_complete_history_only_re_reads_the_overlap_window(app, mock_htt
         for n in range(61)
         if (first_held + timedelta(days=n)).isoweekday() < 6
     ]
-    await seed(first_held=first_held, priced=priced, asked_from=first_held)
+    await seed(first_held=first_held, priced=priced, asked_from=LISTING)
 
     history = mock_iss(mock_http)
     result = await run_sync(MoexSource(), settings=settings())
@@ -256,7 +286,7 @@ async def test_a_long_break_inside_a_settled_history_is_reported(app, mock_http,
     so the gap is surfaced as a warning instead of being silently re-fetched every run."""
     first_held = monday_back(120)
     priced = [first_held, first_held + timedelta(days=1), TODAY - timedelta(days=1)]
-    await seed(first_held=first_held, priced=priced, asked_from=first_held)
+    await seed(first_held=first_held, priced=priced, asked_from=LISTING)
 
     mock_iss(mock_http)
     result = await run_sync(MoexSource(), settings=settings())
@@ -266,6 +296,22 @@ async def test_a_long_break_inside_a_settled_history_is_reported(app, mock_http,
     ]
 
 
+async def test_a_break_before_the_first_purchase_is_not_reported(app, mock_http, run_sync):
+    """The older history exists for the chart; a halt years before the purchase is not ours."""
+    first_held = monday_back(60)
+    held = [
+        first_held + timedelta(days=n)
+        for n in range(61)
+        if (first_held + timedelta(days=n)).isoweekday() < 6
+    ]
+    await seed(first_held=first_held, priced=[LISTING, *held], asked_from=LISTING)
+
+    mock_iss(mock_http)
+    result = await run_sync(MoexSource(), settings=settings())
+
+    assert result.warnings == []
+
+
 def board(name: str, *, primary: bool, since: str | None, till: str | None) -> BoardInfo:
     return BoardInfo(
         secid="TBRU",
@@ -343,3 +389,86 @@ async def test_a_backfill_spans_both_sides_of_a_board_move(app, mock_http, run_s
     assert low == first_held  # the stretch on the old board is stored under the same instrument
     assert high >= TODAY - timedelta(days=2)  # ... and the new board carries it to today
     assert count > 60
+
+
+async def add_benchmark(code: str, *, source: str = "moex", active: bool = True) -> int:
+    async with get_sessionmaker()() as session:
+        benchmark = Benchmark(
+            code=code,
+            name=f"Индекс {code}",
+            kind=BenchmarkKind.total_return,
+            source=source,
+            currency="RUB",
+            is_default=False,
+            is_active=active,
+        )
+        session.add(benchmark)
+        await session.commit()
+        return benchmark.id
+
+
+async def benchmark_instrument(benchmark_id: int) -> Instrument | None:
+    async with get_sessionmaker()() as session:
+        benchmark = await session.get(Benchmark, benchmark_id)
+        assert benchmark is not None
+        if benchmark.instrument_id is None:
+            return None
+        return await session.get(Instrument, benchmark.instrument_id)
+
+
+async def test_an_active_benchmark_gets_an_instrument_and_its_whole_history(
+    app, mock_http, run_sync
+):
+    """MCFTR is on RTSI, not SNDX with the other indices — the board comes from ISS."""
+    benchmark_id = await add_benchmark("MCFTR")
+    listed = date(2003, 2, 26)
+    history = mock_iss(
+        mock_http,
+        boards=[["MCFTR", "RTSI", "index", "stock", 1, listed.isoformat(), TODAY.isoformat()]],
+    )
+
+    result = await run_sync(MoexSource(), settings=settings())
+
+    instrument = await benchmark_instrument(benchmark_id)
+    assert instrument is not None
+    assert instrument.asset_class == AssetClass.market_index
+    assert (instrument.ticker, instrument.board, instrument.exchange) == (
+        "MCFTR",
+        "RTSI",
+        "index",
+    )
+    assert legs(history) == [("RTSI", listed, TODAY)]
+    count, low, high = await stored_days(instrument.id)
+    assert low == listed
+    assert high >= TODAY - timedelta(days=3)
+    assert count > 1000
+    assert result.counts["last"] == 0  # an index has no live quote to keep
+    assert result.warnings == []
+
+
+async def test_a_second_run_does_not_duplicate_the_benchmark_instrument(app, mock_http, run_sync):
+    benchmark_id = await add_benchmark("IMOEX")
+    mock_iss(
+        mock_http,
+        boards=[["IMOEX", "SNDX", "index", "stock", 1, "1997-09-22", TODAY.isoformat()]],
+    )
+
+    await run_sync(MoexSource(), settings=settings())
+    first = await benchmark_instrument(benchmark_id)
+    second_run = await run_sync(MoexSource(), settings=settings())
+    second = await benchmark_instrument(benchmark_id)
+
+    assert first is not None and second is not None
+    assert first.id == second.id
+    assert second_run.counts["backfilled"] == 0
+
+
+async def test_an_inactive_or_manual_benchmark_is_left_alone(app, mock_http, run_sync):
+    inactive = await add_benchmark("RGBITR", active=False)
+    manual = await add_benchmark("SPX", source="manual")
+
+    result = await run_sync(MoexSource(), settings=settings())  # no ISS route: any call fails
+
+    assert await benchmark_instrument(inactive) is None
+    assert await benchmark_instrument(manual) is None
+    assert result.counts == {"prices": 0}